ESL lesson: structure and use of the first conditional (conditional type 1) for beginners. CEFR level A2. Examples, exercises and ready-to-print-PDF to download.
The first conditional (also called conditional type 1) is a structure used for talking about possibilities in the present or in the future.
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Structure
A first conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an "if" clause (condition/hypothesis) and a main clause (result).
• If you study hard, you will pass the test.
• If we hurry up, we won’t be late.
If the "if" clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the "if" clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:
• You will pass the test if you study hard.
• We won’t be late if we hurry up.
We use different verb forms in each part of a first conditional. We usually use the present simple in the “if” clause (condition/hypothesis) and future simple in the main clause (result).
• If you don’t have a map, you will get lost.
We can also use an imperative or a modal verb (can, must, may, should, etc) in the main clause.
• If you have a headache, take an aspirin.
• If you go to Paris, you should visit the Eiffel Tower.
Use
The first conditional is used to talk about things which are possible in the present or the future — things which may happen. You can also give some advice.
• If it's sunny, we'll go to the park.
• I'll wash the dishes if you cook the dinner.
• If you go to the supermarket, buy some milk, please.
• Make a hundred copies of this document if you have time.
• If you are tired, you should go to bed. (advice)
• You must see “The Big Bang Theory” if you like sitcoms. (advice)
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